Challenges and development of lithium-ion batteries for low temperature ...
1. Introduction. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been the workhorse of power supplies for consumer products with the advantages of high energy density, high power density and long service life [1].Given to the energy density and economy, LiFePO 4 (LFP), LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO), LiCo 2 O 4 (LCO), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA) and LiNi …