Connecting battery technologies for electric vehicles from battery ...
Li-ion and lead-acid batteries demonstrated lower self-discharge characteristics than Ni-based batteries. Lead-acid battery self-discharge was usually influenced by ambient temperature, state of health (SoH), and SoC (Gell, 2013). Bullock et al. (Bullock and Laird, 1982) found that the lead-acid battery in an acid-starved